You'll receive your voting papers by post three or four weeks before polling day.
If you are away for less than three weeks, you can vote without any problems. You can vote by post either before you leave or when you get back, if that is still before polling day.
Of course if you're back home on the weekend of the vote, you can go to your local polling station and cast your vote in person.
Within Switzerland
If you're away from home for a longer period, but still in Switzerland:
You can ask to receive the explanatory voting brochure a little earlier. Please contact your commune for details.
It's not possible to receive the ballot in advance.
If you're away for a longer period, you can have your mail forwarded. The Swiss Post offers this service for a fee.
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Abroad
If you're abroad for a longer period:
You can ask to receive the explanatory voting brochure as soon as it's available.
The authorities will send you your ballot up to five weeks before the vote. However, if you go abroad earlier than that and won't return before polling day, you can neither receive the voting papers nor vote.
If you're a Swiss living abroad and correctly registered, your home commune or canton will send your voting papers four or five weeks before polling day -- which is up to a week earlier than for voters living in Switzerland. You can vote via post.
Please note that if you're abroad, it can take a while for the voting papers to travel from Switzerland and back. Depending on where you're staying, you might not be able to cast your vote on time.